Assessment of the Well Child Essay

For this assignment I got the opportunity to visit the day care center inside the campus at the educational building. After signing some papers they took us to this tiny room where they had a one way looking glass with headphones which was connected to the microphone that was setup on the other side of the glass where children were playing. This was around three o’clock were children had their afternoon nap and they were all very energetic. I could see that those preschoolers were all interested on things around them. They wanted to touch, taste, hear, smell and test things for themselves. They were all eager to learn, by trying to do things and by experiencing it themselves. I could also noticed that they were learning things as they were playing, you could see that they were developing using their language and skills and by also trying to gain control on their environment. After seeing the children playing with the other staff, I pick this cute four-year-old girl. I observed her for over three hours and mainly focused on her physical, language, cognitive, social and environmental development. As I said these kids were so energetic that they were running around and making lot of noises, and my preschooler was one of them. She was constantly moving, mostly on her tip toes. She liked to hop on one foot but I felt she is going to fall in any minute; however, she managed to somehow keep her balance. She also had her sweatshirt on and kept playing with its zip while she was standing. She also used her hands a lot, weather to swing it in the air, to use her finger to pick up objects, holding objects and work with them such as scissors, or to hold markers for drawing. Overall I felt her motor skills were well developed. After she has drawn, the staff member that was with her gave her some strings, colored papers and few other objects. She was asked to use glow to cut those color papers and attach them to her drawing to make things like eyes, nose, and lips for her drawing, and although she was able to cut those papers using a scissor, the cuts weren’t clean at all and they didn’t seem to have straight lines. Since we were in that little room, we had to hear these kids talking through a microphone, so it was little hard to clearly understand how they talk or what they say, but overall their language was good. Her grammar seemed okay although she mostly talked in past tense. But her language and usage of vocabularies were all age appropriate. I notice that she was stuttering a little bit especially when she tried to talk fast or when she would get excited, she even sounded like me a little bit. Whenever I try to talk fast or think too much against my doctor’s advice I tend to forget words and start stuttering since English is not my primary language. And this also happens to her, it seemed like the ideas come to her mind faster than she is able to express them. She also seems to have developed a good ability to understand and ask questions. She knew that there are yes/no questions and wh- questions to ask for information. Wh-questions involve inquiring words such as who what, where, when and why. I also notice that she barrages her caregiver with a chain of why questions, one right after the other. She was curious and wished to know more about the care givers personal life. For example she kept asking her whether or not she had a boyfriend, which was very funny; heck even I wanted to know that. Or about other things such as why her mom says she has to eat vegetables and many other WHY questions. Also for every question she demanded an answer and the caregiver usually communicated with her by using age appropriate words and response and by getting down to her knees and talking to her with face level.

Land Law – Proprietary Estoppel

Proprietary estoppel protects a person who has a non contractual agreement over land but they have suffered a detriment due to them acting upon a reliance based on an assurance made by the claimant. There has been much discussion in recent case law and academic commentaries as to the elements which make up the nature of proprietary estoppel. Unconscionaibility is a major point for discussion in deciding whether it should be treated as a separate element or if it is linked into the three main elements.This essay will consider and discuss the nature of proprietary estoppel and the two views on unconscionaibility; whether there will always be unconscionaibility if there has been a non-performance of an assurance causing the claimant to suffer a detriment based on the assurance which they relied on or if unconscionaibility should be proven as a separate element in each case.The starting point of proprietary estoppel was in the case of Willmott v Barber (1880) where five criteria were lai d down, which had to be satisfied by a person claiming proprietary estoppel and the courts applied these criteria to a wide range of proprietary estoppel claims.However these criteria were criticised for being too strict leading to the broader approach established in Taylor Fashions Ltd v Liverpool Trustees Co Ltd (1982) where Oliver J stated: ‘whether, in particular individual circumstances, it would be unconscionable for a party to be permitted to deny that which, knowingly or unknowingly, he has allowed or encouraged another to assume to his detriment’. Although the approach became broader there still remained essential elements which must be satisfied for a successful claim.The more modern approach towards proprietary estoppel is based on three main elements, firstly an assurance of land or property being made to the claimant, the claimant relying on the assurance which has been made and finally the claimant suffering a detriment as a consequence of relying on the a ssurance made. The main point for discussion and questioning in proprietary estoppel is the role of unconscionaibility and whether it should be treated as a fourth element which too must be satisfied in order for a claim to be successful or if unconscionaibility is interlinked with the other elements of proprietary estoppel.Proprietary estoppel acts as ‘a sword and a shield’ and can be used in one of two ways. ‘Put positively, the reason why it is possible to use proprietary estoppel to generate a property interest in a favour of a claimant despite the absence of the normal formality rules is because of the need to prevent unconscionable conduct. This is why unconscionaibility is the foundation of estoppel. It is the antidote to the otherwise fatal absence of formality. ’ This is one of the views on unconscionaibility which suggest that unconscionaibility is at the heart of proprietary estoppel rather than a separate element of it.The first element of propr ietary estoppel is encouragement where the claimant’s belief that they would have some rights over land or property has been encouraged by the promisor and this could have been done actively or passively. Active encouragement is seen in common expectation cases where the claimant has been actively persuaded through an express representation as in Inwards v Baker (1965) where a son was actively encouraged to build on his fathers land in the expectation that it would be his in the future.Common expectation cases are dealt with more generously by judges, compared to passive cases, as the promisor has lead the claimant to have a reasonable belief that they would acquire the land therefore leading them to rely upon that assurance causing them to suffer a detriment. It would be seen as unconscionable in a common expectation case for the claimant to have been encouraged to suffer a detriment for the promisor to then go back on their assurance, meaning that unconscionaibility is inst antly a running theme in the elements as it can be seen at the first instance and should therefore not be treated as a separate element.The encouragement could also be passive, for example a land owner standing by watching someone build on their land knowing that somebody is acting under a mistaken belief. The nature of a passive expectation made to the claimant can be distinguished in commercial and domestic cases as was seen in Cobbe v Yeoman’s Row Management Ltd (2008) where the House of Lords established that the expectation of an interest in land should not be vague in a commercial situation.The expectation should be for ‘a certain interest in land’ for proprietary estoppel purposes which was not the expectation held by Cobbe therefore the expectation was held to be too vague. Lord Scott stated ‘Unconscionaibility in my opinion plays a very important part in the doctrine of equitable estoppel, in unifying and confirming, as it were, the other elements. If the other elements appear to be present but the result does not shock the conscience of the court, the analysis needs to be looked at again. This statement shows how case law endorses the unconscionaibility approach as being interlinked with the other elements of proprietary estoppel however if all of the elements are not satisfied there can not be a claim for proprietary estoppel as is the case here. In domestic (family) cases, the nature of the expectation doesn’t have to be so specific as long as there is an interest or right in land that would amount to a significant expectation. The assurance made must be clear enough so that claimant is found to have relied upon.Lord Walker stated in the case of Thorner v Major (2009) â€Å"There is no definition of proprietary estoppel that is both comprehensive and uncontroversial†¦the doctrine is based on three main elements, although they express them in slightly different terms: a representation or assurance made to the c laimant; reliance on it by the claimant; reliance on it by the claimant; and detriment to the claimant in consequence of his (reasonable) reliance† One view on unconscionaibility stated that ‘Once there has been detrimental reliance on an assurance, it is unconscionable to withdraw it’ therefore if it cannot be proven that an assurance existed then it wont be unconscionable for it to be withdrawn showing that unconscionaibility is a running theme within proprietary estoppel rather than a separate element. One difficulty in deciding these kinds of cases is that although an assurance has been made to the claimant in the way of a will, the claimant is also aware that the will could be revoked at any time therefore the question to be asked is whether their reliance based on the assurance was adequate. The second element of proprietary estoppel is reliance where the claimant must have been encouraged to rely on the promisor’s assurance which has caused them to s uffer a detrimental loss by changing their position and there must be a sufficient causal link between this in that the encouragement must have caused the detriment suffered.Reliance can not be treated as an element alone it has to have caused a change in the position of the claimant, if no detriment has been suffered then there can be no claim for proprietary estoppel. There are several ways in which the courts can show how the claimant was influenced to rely on the encouragement; firstly is by clearly showing that there has been a change in position by the claimants positive act, for example the claimant spending money on the land or making property improvements based on the assurance that it will become theirs, causing them to suffer a detriment. Where the claimant has acted in a way different to what he would had the assurance not been made nd relied on this can also show how the encouragement has influenced the reliance causing a detriment as in Jones (AE) v Jones (FW) (1977) w here a son acted on the assurance of property becoming his left his job and house to live with his father, however had the assurance not had been made he would not have done this leading to the detriment that he suffered. There can be a presumption made that the claimant relied on the assurances given to them based on there conduct and in these cases the burden is put onto the other party to prove that the claimant did not rely on the promises made and this is hard to prove as it is a subjective matter based on the claimants state of mind. This was the case in Greasley v Cooke (1980) where the defendant did not have to prove that she relied on assurances as it was presumed from her conduct.The final element of proprietary estoppel is that the person must have suffered a detriment due to the reliance on the assurance which has caused a change in their position. The detriment suffered can be in many forms not just that of financial detriment although it must be substantial in making i t unconscionable for the land owner to withdraw their promise of land to the claimant. Walton v Walton (1994) shows where financial detriment wasn’t the main detriment suffered, the claimant had suffered a personal detriment as he had spent years of his life relying on the assurance made to him that the farm would one day be his, and he couldn’t get those years of his life back. Public policy in formalities of contracts plays a major part in the deciding claims for proprietary estoppel.Section 2 Law of Property (Miscellaneous Previsions) Act 1989 states that (1) A contract for the sale or other disposition of an interest in land can only be made in writing and only by incorporating all the terms which the parties have expressly agreed in one document, or where contracts are exchanged, in each. This act stops informalities in land transfers where a claimant would be expected to sign up a contract but hasn’t done so, as in Cobbe, and this is where they would turn to proprietary estoppel to try and show that the detriment which they have suffered is due to the unconsionability of the removal of the assurance which they had originally relied on. Proprietary estoppel acts as a way around formalities and a form of protection for those who have not followed contractual formalities in the transfer of land.Why should people be able to use proprietary estoppel to make a claim for land where they have followed formalities and drawn up a contract as in Cobbe, it can be seen that it is not unconscionable for the promisor to withdraw as there is no contractual agreement. However in domestic cases where there wouldn’t always be an expectation of a legal contract to be drawn up proprietary estoppel can stop unfair decisions being made due to the lack of formalities where it would be unconscionable for the defendant to suffer a detriment due to an assurance on which they have relied. There are clearly two competing arguments against proprietary esto ppel, the first being that ‘once there has been detrimental reliance on an assurance, it is unconscionable to withdraw it. Indicating that unconscionaibility is a function of the three elements. If unconscionaibility was seen as a separate element then it would be pointless in having formalities as it wouldn’t matter whether it was unconscionable or not as long as the other elements had been satisfied. The second view on unconscionaibility is that of it being a separate fourth element and in some circumstance this can be seen as being successful for example in commercial cases where the first three elements of proprietary estoppel have been established but it would be unconscionable for the claimant to benefit due to the lack of formalities and contractual agreement.Therefore although in some cases unconscionaibility being treated as a separate element is beneficial in some circumstances, it should be treated as function of assurance, reliance and detriment as a withdra wal of the assumption in most cases is unconscionable. Bibliography Roger Sexton and Barbara Bogosz, Complete Land Law: text, cases and materials, (2nd edn. Oxford University Press 2011) Diane Chappelle, Land Law, (8th edn. Pearson Longman, London 2008) Martin Dixon â€Å"Proprietary Estoppel and Formalities in Land Law and the Land Registration Act 2002: A Theory of Unconscionaibility† (2003) 2 Modern Studies in Property Law ——————————————– [ 1 ].Roger Sexton and Barbara Bogosz, Complete Land Law: text, cases and materials, (2nd edn. Oxford University Press 2011) 323 [ 2 ]. Willmott v Barber (1880) 15 Ch. D. 96 [ 3 ]. Taylors Fashions Ltd v Liverpool Victoria Trustees Co. Ltd (1982) QB 133 [ 4 ]. Roger Sexton and Barbara Bogosz, Complete Land Law: text, cases and materials, (2nd edn. Oxford University Press 2011) 328 [ 5 ]. Nigel Gravells, Land Law: Text and materials, (4 th edn. Sweet and Maxwell, London 2010) 589 [ 6 ]. Martin Dixon â€Å"Proprietary Estoppel and Formalities in Land Law and the Land Registration Act 2002: A Theory of Unconscionaibility† (2003) 2 Modern Studies in Property Law, 177 [ 7 ]. Inwards v Baker (1965) 2 QB 29 [ 8 ].Diane Chappelle, Land Law, (8th edn. Pearson Longman, London 2008) 87 [ 9 ]. Cobbe v Yeoman’s Row Management Ltd (2008) 1 WLR 1752 [ 10 ]. Roger Sexton and Barbara Bogosz, Complete Land Law: text, cases and materials, (2nd edn. Oxford University Press 2011) 330 [ 11 ]. Roger Sexton and Barbara Bogosz, Complete Land Law: text, cases and materials, (2nd edn. Oxford University Press 2011) 343 [ 12 ]. Thorner v Major (2009) 1 WLR 776 [ 13 ]. Diane Chappelle, Land Law, (8th edn. Pearson Longman, London 2008) 90 [ 14 ]. Roger Sexton and Barbara Bogosz, Complete Land Law: text, cases and materials, (2nd edn. Oxford University Press 2011) 338 [ 15 ].Roger Sexton and Barbara Bogosz, Complete Land Law: text, cases and materials, (2nd edn. Oxford University Press 2011) 338 [ 16 ]. Roger Sexton and Barbara Bogosz, Complete Land Law: text, cases and materials, (2nd edn. Oxford University Press 2011) 338 [ 17 ]. Greasley v Cooke (1980) 1 WLR 1306 [ 18 ]. Diane Chappelle, Land Law, (8th edn. Pearson Longman, London 2008) 89 [ 19 ]. Law of Property (Miscellaneous Previsions) Act 1989 (s. 2) (1) [ 20 ]. Diane Chappelle, Land Law, (8th edn. Pearson Longman, London 2008) 89 [ 21 ]. Martin Dixon â€Å"Proprietary Estoppel and Formalities in Land Law and the Land Registration Act 2002: A Theory of Unconscionaibility† (2003) 2 Modern Studies in Property Law, 179

Management - Strategy Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Management - Strategy Process - Essay Example The word strategy was introduced by Sun Tzu in his book The Art of War though at that time he discussed about the military strategy (Tzu, 1971). The main concept behind using of word strategy was to gain advantage over something or someone and in business strategy has been defined as a comprehensive and integrated plan that has been devised to make sure that the main objective of the organization is achieved (Glueck, 1980). Strategy has been used by firms globally to identify what the organization would like to achieve and how it is going to achieve therefore the importance of strategy becomes very vital as proper strategic planning will influence the future of the organization and it will define whether the organization would be able to achieve success or not. Strategic management in the last few years have become a field for the managers which helps them in managing STRATEGY PROCESS Devising strategy for the management has become an important task as it leads to the success or fail ure of the organization. ... Plan 2. Ploy 3. Pattern 4. Position 5. Perspective 1. Strategy as a Plan Plan is defined as the first P of the 5Ps of Strategy as proposed by Mintzberg. Strategy is about planning in order to achieve something or in order to deal with certain situation. Planning involves guidelines that have to be followed to achieve the main objective of the organization. So, this definition of strategy leads to two important characteristics of strategy which are: Planning or strategy has to be made in advance There is an objective or purpose behind formulation of strategies (Henry, Mintzberg, Quinn, & Cliff, 1992) Managers use different tools like SWOT and TWOS to plan their actions according to what they have and what they do not have along with the opportunities that exist in the market that they can exploit. 2. Strategy as Ploy Strategy can be described as a ploy as well with the aim to get the better of competitors. According to Mintzberg (2002) with the ploy of outsmarting the competitors and disrupting or discouraging them, strategy can be considered as a ploy as well. Scenario analysis is one of the tools that have been used by managers to analyze the situation of the company against competitors. 3. Strategy as Pattern Strategy according to Mintzberg (1987) is also defined as a pattern as using the word strategy with plan only is not sufficient. Pattern means consistency in actions and consistency in the way things are managed and done. It has been explained that patterns are realized strategy whereas plans are intended strategies. 4. Strategy as Position Strategy is also defined as position which refers to how the management decides to position the organization in the market. With this definition, the

Case Study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Case Study - Assignment Example From the increasing sales that are being made from mobile commerce, it is quite evident that in the coming years a large percentage of all sales that occur in a particular country will be online. This is due to advancements that are being made in the technological world from smart phones to computers and even tablets. In future people all over the world will seem to be so busy working such that time for shopping is limited hence they will be obliged to do over the internet. As computer knowledge increase from generation to generation, there will be more conversance with these electronic devices and this will also raise the percentage rate of increase of mobile commerce. Through online buying, one can select a wide range of goods and services from foodstuffs to banking services hence saving time of having to move from place to place. Companies that involve mobile commerce such as OLX continue to build their routes because it is evident that the future of business is dependent on onlin e shopping due to studies done by Ipos indicating that the percentage of online shopping continues to increase over the years (Chen & Lee 33). The Edward Jones is a big company situated in the USA and it offers financial help to its customers through advising them on how to invest their money in the best way. It has been established strongly for many years because of managing properly the techniques they use to handle their customers. Although the company management interacts with its clients over the internet and other social media, it cannot do its business activities online. This is because it has branches all over Canada and USA hence they can easily be physically reached. It is also a risky business to do money transactions to people that are met over the internet hence the obligation for face to face encounter (Chen & Lee 37). However the use of internet makes their messages reach a wide range of potential customers who may be looking for their

Roman Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Roman Fashion - Essay Example The essay "Roman Fashion" discovers the fashion history in Rome. Due to lifestyle developments, individuals and societies have learned to use their clothing, with the aid of other decorations, as a form of nonverbal expression of their personality, occupation, status, and affiliation. Fashion refers to the way of carrying and styling these clothing with accessories, hairstyle, adornment and body art. Fashion does not merely converse individual identity in such a way that it instantly let other people see and understand a person, as it may speak of plain sophistication or even a personal rage, moreover, it demonstrate a social perception. This is greatly evident in the way fat women were once considered beautiful whereas current fashion trend have somehow made a vast promotion of diet, exercise and even surgery with its picture of beauty as being slim. A person can be identified to a certain tribe, organization or field of work by merely looking at his/her wardrobe. Attires may explai n a person’s role, may she be a housewife or a company manager. It can be a mode of displaying once wealth as well as poverty. As Thorstein Veblen, an economist of the book The Theory of the Leisure Class, has wrote â€Å"†¦our apparel is always in evidence and affords an indication of our pecuniary standing to all observers at first glance... â€Å". With its vast influence, stating all its implications would be a tedious job, if not impossible. Fashion has become so powerful that it can imply almost anything related to human. Costume and fashion, collectively, refers to manner and style of clothing. It is considered an art that decodes personality or culture at any particular time. With pictorial arts, costumes and fashion have revealed much of the history. It had managed to explain social transformation from the very remote past to the most current civilization. CHAPTER 1 ROMAN CLASSIC "From the Hellenistic Era to present day, fashion fads and statements evolved from similar backgrounds to make styles that seem new, but are really just "doctored-up" versions that can be traced back to the times of ancient Rome" (R.W.) Roman people have applied their creativity in every aspect of their lives including manner of clothing. Their garments were simple as it were basically made of wool with minimal use of stitch. Variations have eventually existed due to social status. Safety pins and knots give various shapes to their garments and undergarments; hence they have to designate a different name for each particular design. Toga was once the basic Roman garment for both men and women (Figure 1). Eventually women's clothing has to be made distinct. Similar to Greek himation, though much larger and more complicated in its draping. Toga's size and shape indicates social position. It is usually made of white wool and undecorated but had later been elaborated with gold embroidery during the late Empire. Tunica serves as their under garments for both men and women (Fig. 2). It resembles that of the reeks which were sleeveless. It is made of two wide cloths having sewn almost to the top leaving enough space for the armholes and neckline. It is fastened with pins or buttons and then held with a belt. Women's tunica are usual fuller and longer. As a symbol of decency and honor, married women wear stola (Fig. 2). Apart from its rectangular shape, it is a sleeveless tunic that resembles a toga which is a long wide cloth. It is a long garment that drapes around the body covering

Express Trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Express Trust - Essay Example This may also be associated with duty which by the ethical and moral norms of society you must perform. This is even characterized as a higher form of justice and so important to modern human relations that it has been transformed from a purely ethical concept with limited application to a moral norm of society. Every member of society is bound to uphold it and even becomes embodied in laws. Express trusts are "built around concepts of loyalty and good faith" (Hudson 2008). In an express trust there exist a relationship where a person entrusts his or her property to another to keep, preserve and latter to give the same property to another person who is meant to benefit from that property. Moreover "The trustee is one example of a more general concept of English law: the fiduciary. Thus, it is often said that trustees bear 'fiduciary duties'. For our purposes the terms 'trustee' and 'fiduciary' can be read as being synonymous. The fiduciary principle in express trusts is the idea that such trusts have a nature that it is a matter of confidence, good faith, loyalty and legal obligation to the purpose of such trusts. An example of this is when a grandfather entrusts a piece of land to his son which his son will give to the grandson on his 18th birthday. The father, son of the grandfather, has the duty to his father, the grandfather to keep, preserve and maintain the piece of land and later give the land to his son, the grandson. Duties & Powers Question: What are the powers and duties of the settlor What are the powers and duties of a trustee What are the powers and duties of the beneficiary Answer: The settlor is duty bound to make certain that the property that will be put into an express trust is truly owned by him because "the settlor must have had all of the rights in that property, or 'absolute title', before the declaration of the trust". Clearly, one cannot deal with property in which one has no rights: therefore, the settlor must hold all of the rights to be settled on trust before that trust can be declared" (Hudson 2008). The settlor is the original owner of the property involved in the trust. Thus absolute title means that the right to do with the property as he or she pleases regardless of the concern of others or free of implications to other individuals. This includes sell, lease, destroy and even donate. The settlor has absolute power over the property up to when the trust is constituted. Once it begins his direct power over the property is set aside and he is duty bound to give possession of the property to the trustee. "Once the trust is created, the trustee acquires 'legal title' in the trust fund and the beneficiaries acquire the 'equitable interest' (or, sometimes, 'beneficial interest') in the trust fund in accordance with the terms of the trus

Education and youth integration into European labour markets the case Study

Education and youth integration into European labour markets the of Balkan countries - Case Study Example e employers recruits & selects the most efficient and smart candidate who is a blend of adaptability, flexibility, vision, critical thinking and charisma. Hence, it is justified to argue that the above mentioned consequences are fruits of globalization that potential employees of 21st century have been reaping in an extremely challenging, complex and unstructured business environment. Education, in this scenario, plays vital role because it informs and shapes the mindsets of youths, who are would-be employees. In fact, the purpose of education is to provide students an insight over contemporary challenges in their society, sharpens their critical thinking / intellect and mentally prepares them for any adverse or favorable future outcomes. For instance, the students learn how they could assimilate pressure and upgrade themselves to comply with modern rules, expectations and demands. This paper will throw light in detail how different kinds and levels of education shape the access of y oung people to jobs of varying advantage and the smoothness of the transition from school to work. The researcher will specifically take into consideration the educational policies, frameworks and models presently implemented in European Union to enhance educational level and prepare students to successfully commence their careers in an uncertain and unpredictable external business environment. It should be emphasized that education may resolve financial problems that are actually the root cause of societal unrest and uncertainty. In other words, the uneducated have become outliers since they barely find any respectable employment opportunity, thereby contributing to growth of unprivileged classes. However, it should not be confused that only free market economic system and capitalism has...The interaction and coordination among people has improved tremendously in last 3 decades after the advent of internet and subsequent use of desktop PCs, laptop notebooks, Personal Digital Assist ants, mobile devices etc. Indeed, there has been greater focus today on research and development function because every nation has understood that a country, with technological backwardness, may not succeed and prosper in today’s extremely challenging external environment.The importance of education in personal and financial development could not be denied. Without education, a person in 21st century could face oneself insecure and unsafe because of complexities, unpredictability and challenges. The educational systems across Germany and United Kingdom have focused on school-based and work-based training sessions, thereby reducing youth unemployment rates and contributing to youth integration in labor markets to a greater extent. Similarly, Austria, Denmark and Netherland also have low youth unemployment rates and greater integration levels. In contrast, France, Italy, Greece and Spain are among notable countries that have very high youth unemployment primarily because of les s focus on vocational specialization and work-based training. Most of the poor and economically unsound Balkan countries have been grappling with grave issue of unemployment, and provide limited educational facilities to every youth.

Applying Standardized Terminologies in Practice Essay - 3

Applying Standardized Terminologies in Practice - Essay Example f bedside patient care of a boy with tonsillitis to help assess the significance of standardized nursing informatics terminologies and the related NANDA, NIC and NOC (Nolan, 2004). Cavendish (2001) defines standardized nursing Terminologies or language is like a common language among nurses, readily understood by all the nurses, to describe particular patient care (American Nurses Association, 2006a). It provides practicing nurses with a common ways of communication outside the normal communication languages. It is important that nursing practitioners confirm their understanding of such terminologies into their work. The application of standardized nursing terminologies for documentation of home care or nursing care is important both to the direct/bedside care and to the nurse nursing profession (Nolan, 2004). Johnson, Maas & Moorhead (2000) outlines that; tonsillitis is a common bacterial infection among children and adolescents and very less with adults. Because of its common nature, especially during winter and other cold months, there are a plethora of records, data and information about its diagnosis and care especially among children and adolescents. Subsequently, American Nurses Association (2006a) acknowledges that there are standardized terminologies that nurses must master. In addition, the situation also exists Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) and in Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) with certain standardized language (Cavendish, 2001). According to Johnson et al. (2000), NANDA classifies tonsils under the broad category of patients with impaired swallowing and throat infections. NANDA defines this category as conditions with abnormal swallowing function mechanism or associated with deficits in pharyngeal, oral, or esophageal function or structure (Cavendish, 2001). According to NANDA, such infections and impaired function are common with children, particularly in wet or cold months of winter. However, it should never be a surprise if

Jay Gatsby- The Legend Essay Example for Free

Jay Gatsby- The Legend Essay ‘It is not enough to make progress; we must make it in the right direction. ’ How important is it to apply this saying our lives? Well, is very important. What is that makes us human beings and not animals? Is it where we come from and what we have or self-control of our wants and needs? To what extent are we ready to go to gain power that we no longer remember who we are! Jay Gatsby from F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby will be able to answer these questions to us. Jay Gatsby, a year or two over thirty, was a mysterious persona. He lived in West Egg, Long Island and was greatly known in the locality for his lavish parties that housed both the invited as well as the uninvited. With extravagant cuisine, rich fresh fruits from New York, Vladimir Tostoff’s Jazz and his Rolls Royce moving to and fro picking up guests, Jay Gatsby threw big parties. He used the phrase ‘old sport’ very often while addressing everybody. His picking of words with care only showed some fishiness regarding his identity. By calling himself an Oxford Educated and wealthy person without any family, he camouflaged his true identity and was a liar. Jay Gatsby, was truly James Gatz a nobody from North Dakota whose parents were unsuccessful farm people. Gatsby’s humiliation of being poor and a man without any class increased his hunger for power and he didn’t care how he got it. â€Å"Contemporary legends such as the â€Å"underground pipe-line to Canada. attached themselves to him, and there was one persistent story that he didn’t live in a house at all, but in a boat that looked like a house and was moved secretly up and down the Long Island shore† (Fitzgerald) only establishes the fact that his business was unethical and notorious. He was a bootlegger and had various links to people like Wolfsheim. His current attitude and outlook that showed off his wealth and dignity was certainly not inherit ed as he worked as a janitor and was a drop out from St. Olaf’s college in Minnesota. Unhappy about his poverty and class, â€Å"he invented just the sort of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen-year-old boy would be likely to invent, and to this conception he was faithful to the end. † (Fitzgerald) His belief that money and power could accomplish anything and change the past, only portrays his blatant attitude that led to conceal his true identity and he thus showed off his wealth through his parties despite that fact that it mostly invited fake people. Madly in love with Daisy, a beautiful woman who was married to the Tom Buchanan, Gatsby hoped to win her back and thus kept throwing those wonderfully big parties. His world and life revolved around the dream of winning back his love Daisy. â€Å"Gatsby buys his West Egg mansion with the sole intention of being across the bay from Daisy Buchanans green light at the end of her dock, a fantasy which becomes Gatsbys personal version of the American Dream† (Novel Analysis). Having his emotions bottled up for Daisy for so many years, it became a burning passion in his heart, made him very obsessive. He used richness and wealth to lure her back to him. His love for Daisy had blinded him to the fact that she had left him for a man with solid position, wealth and prosperity which was another reason in his life to become rich. He idolized her and he felt married to her and wanted her back at any cost even though she killed Myrtle-Tom’s lover while driving Gatsby’s car. Having lived the life the way he want and working towards achieving his goal and dream, Jay Gatsby is that legend with whom we can relate ourselves. We all have wants and desires. But his desire for Daisy only led to his downfall. Misguided by his belief and seeking vengeance for Myrtle’s murder, Myrtle’s husband George killed Gatsby in his own pool thinking that it was Gatsby who murdered his Myrtle which in reality was Daisy! A funeral with only few friends and his father Henry Gatz and none of the fake people who attended his parties, nor Daisy for whom he was killed, Jay Gatsby’s life only portrays that it is not money that maketh man, it is his values and ideals. It is not what we want, but why we want something and a constant check on the direction we are going makes us who we are!

The British government in the Second World War Essay Example for Free

The British government in the Second World War Essay However, many children had bad experiences of evacuation, and this would strongly suggest that evacuation was a failure. Source B is a description of evacuation from a teacher in 1988. It says how children were too afraid to talk and how the mothers were pressed against the iron bars calling Good-bye darling. This shows how scary evacuation was for so many children; as well as their mothers; many of them had no clue as to where they were going. As this is an interview with a teacher, it is likely to be an accurate and reliable, it also reflects the experiences of many evacuees. Source C is an account from childrens novel; it outlines the problems of communication between foster parents and their children evacuees. Oh, Im sorry, how silly of me, why should we have slippers? Many foster parents were surprised at how poor their children were and had to pay out for their requirements. Source E is from a Mass Observation Survey, it is an interview with a farther, he outlines the reasons why many parents think that there children will be better staying at home in the city. Where his children would be sent, in the shires, there is nothing for them; they were starving before the war. He also thinks that if he does die, at least friends and family can look after his children. This is very likely to be a reliable source, as it is from a mass ordinance survey, where the father would have no reason to lie. It shows how the government had failed to persuade people that evacuation is the safest place for their children. A womans institute report on evacuees in 1940 tells us how the uncleanness of children would have decreased morale within foster parents, this is another example of how disgusted many foster parents were at the condition of their child Some of the children were literally sewn in their ragged clothes. This is a very reliable source, again with no reason to lie, it reflects my own knowledge that the town children who came to stay with foster parents proved to the British public that slum conditions still existed in Britain. In an interview with Michael Caine, we hear how Caine was beat and locked in the cupboard after his brother Clarence had been found wetting the bed. This is an example of how the Government had failed to protect the welfare of the children who were evacuated into the country, some were abused sexually, but these were few in numbers. This was not a common experience, but the fact that it happened is very worrying that that the Government had failed to stop such events happening. An account from an evacuee tells us how he was evacuated from Gateshead, which was not bombed throughout the war to Dudley in the Midlands, which was bombed during his stay. This is an example of total failure with evacuation. Not only had the government unnecessarily sent children away from towns which were not bombed, which would decrease morale within the community as many families would wish to stay together during the war. Also, the children had been sent to an area which had been bombed, and had been unnecessarily evacuated from a safe area to an area where their lives were in danger. Though this is uncommon with experiences of evacuees, it could easily have been avoided. By 1944 the evacuation scheme had all but stopped, and not even the panic caused by Hitlers flying bombs and rockets could get it started. This is where the Government had failed to keep up the morale of the country and persuade people that evacuation was the best and safest option for their children and people no longer cared about the possible consequences. The evacuation process was efficient and with a quick response to war. With little notice, children were packed up with only one suitcase and sent to the railway station to catch a train that they did not know the destination of their journey. On arrival, they were lined up and picked out like slaves. Though many experienced a new life style, in the countryside learning new skills that they would never be taught in the city and they became more healthy and clean with their foster parents. Forced integration of people from very different backgrounds exposed the real divide present in the country. Evacuation was certainly the safest option for the children, and the majority experienced a happy new life, where they became healthier, however, no one was without their problems. Mothers, children and foster parents alike were not informed about what was involved in fostering children, in some cases the children were abused or made to labour on farms, in these cases the government had failed the children. Many however, were happy with evacuation but no one was un scared by the horrors of war.

Marketing Strategies Of Loreal Marketing Essay

Marketing Strategies Of Loreal Marketing Essay The market chosen for this assignment is for cosmetic products which have already a huge market and growing at a rapid rate with consumers having contrasting working attitudes and style, and companies producing goods according to the local requirement in accordance to the wants of the customers and consumers. This is more evident when we compare the DE (Developing and Emerging) pyramid of global population in 2009 getting transformed into a Diamond from a positive transition from Not Yet to Aspiring and to Have Lots. This assignment compares and contrasts the way in which two different companies, LOreal and Unilever carry out their international marketing. Initially this assignment revolves around the two mega cosmetic brand industry LOreal and Unilever and their marketing tactics and strategies around the globe in a few countries. LOreal a cosmetic giant is operating in over 130 countries worldwide and recorded a turnover à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 17.5 billion in 2009. The company records a consistent growth of over the years while there is a dip from 2008 to 2009 especially due to economic slowdown in the global market. The consistent growth of the company and the share in the particular market is due to its varied marketing activities and innovation in Research and Development. The Company, in 2009, has spent à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 5.4 Billion as Advertising and Promotion which is close to 30% of their annual revenue and à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 0.6 billion in Research and Development, almost quarter of their annual Operating Profit. The company differs itself from other companies in the sphere of product/service design; packaging; brand name/logo; price; advertising; sales promotion; distribution channel(s). Their website reads: At LOreal, we have made cosmetics the focus of all our energy and know-how for nearly a century. We are fully committed to putting all our expertise and research resources to work for the well-being of men and women, in all their diversity, around the world Unilever, another multinational giant operating in 100 countries (products sold in 170 countries) recorded annual revenue of close to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬40 billion in 2009. Unilever spent à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬5.3 billion (13% of their revenue) for their Advertisement and Promotion budget and close to 18% (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬0.9 billion) on their Research and Development. Unilever realise that innovation is key to their progress, and through cutting-edge science they are constantly enhancing their brands, improving their nutritional properties, taste, fragrance, or functionality. It is quite interesting to read the first sentence of their website: On any given day, two billion people use Unilever products to look good, feel good and get more out of life Global reach allows both the companies to get closer to consumers in local markets to understand diverse needs and priorities of peoples lives in so many different ways. The success of Brand LOreal lies in the fact that the company succeeded in reaching out to the customers of different countries of the world, across different income ranges and cultural patterns, giving them the appropriate product they are worthy of. The area of expertise of LOreal being that it succeeded almost in every country that it entered. The strategies of LOreal was varied enough to help it and stop itself from restricting itself in a single country. LOreal sold its product on the basis of customer demand and country want rather than keeping the product identical across the globe. It built ample number of brands or mammoth brands entrenched to the restricted culture and which appealed to a variety of segment of the universal market instead of generalising the brand and edible in innumerable culture. LOreal went on to being a local product in every international market. The brand extension of LOreal also came in the same sector or the same segment of market. LOreal believed i n growing its expertise in the segment it is conscious of rather than going into a completely new sector of market LOreal had built a dozen or so mega brands rooted in the local culture and appealing to different segments of the global market. Instead of homogenizing the various brands and making them palatable in myriad cultures, Owen-Jones decided to embody their (the brands) country of origin, turning what many marketing gurus considered a narrowing factor into a marketing virtue. As a senior LOreal manager put it, You have to be local and as strong as the best locals but backed by an international image and strategy. We have made a conscious effort to diversify the cultural origins of our brands. Brand Extensions LOreal realized the need for caution in case of brand extensions. The company extended its brands after doing a thorough research. When LOreal decided to enter the kids shampoo category in 1998, it debated whether to launch a new brand or go for an extension. The company realized the LOreal name, long associated with womens hair care, would capture instant credibility with moms. But Kids was really a child-oriented product. When LOreal first unveiled its LOreal Kids shampoo line early 1998, retailers were sceptical. Retailers say the value isnt there. We say it is that the child establishes value. We were pretty tenacious. mentioned Carol Hamilton, 45, senior VP-marketing for the LOreal retail division of Cosmair LOreal professionals mechanises with LOreal professional salons in order to not only promote their product but also to help hairdressers to have a vision, excel and accomplish. LOreal has divided their product range in five different categories to focus its marketing activities exclusively designed for the targeted market audience. Professional products for the service sector business holders like hair salons. Consumer Products for mass consumption of local people. Luxury Products for those who want to pay a little more extra and who are cautious about how they look. Cosmetics general cosmetics. Body Shop a new sector of product range said to have based its products after getting inspired from the nature. The body shop was founded in 1976 in the United Kingdom well known for its strong product base of natural ingredients and having a network of over 2550 stores in 63 countries Unilever on the other hand is a British-Dutch multinational company owning ample number of consumer products in the food, beverage and the personal care product sector. Promises to give a consistent evolution in the sustainable living plan of the commoners. In a world of hype and stereotypes, the Dove Unilever provides a refreshing alternative for women who recognise that beauty isnt simply about how you look but it makes a genuine difference. Dove Unilever is committed to widening the definition of beauty for women because it believes real beauty comes in all ages, shapes and sizes. To help enjoy your own brand of beauty, Dove provides an extensive range of cleansing and personal care products that make a genuine difference to the condition and feel of skin and hair. Dove is the UKs top Bar Soap brand and 45% of the population bought a Dove product in 2010. In fact, 10.1 million women use Dove every week in the UK. Unilever first launched its products in the US during the 1950s, and in 1957 the basic Dove bar formula was refined and developed into the Original Dove Beauty bar. It was launched as a beauty soap that was clinically proven to be milder on dry and sensitive skins. The following years saw the launch of more bath time treats like beauty baths and moisturising body washes. Unilever Dove then expanded its brand into antiperspirant deodorants and Pro-Age, a range of skin cream and hair care products specifically designed in accordance to the requirement of the local women. Unilever re-defined the definition of beauty for women. In 2010 Unilever Dove came out with another revolutionary product of Damage therapy which could be used by the consumers at home rather than spending a fortune on other beauty therapies to keep their hair strong damage free. In 2010 Unilever also diversifies its Dove products from the female sector to the male and hence the birth of a completely new brand of products in which Unilever had never stepped its foot into, the Dove Men Care brand was formed offering deodorants and body washes specifically designed for the male skin. LOreal entered India with the hair colour product, they changed the way consumers viewed the product. From being a product for the old-age to turn grey hair into shining black, LOreal targeted the young market for whom looking stylish and to the modern mark wasimportant, a very tough job to change the mind-sets of the people. Dove entered India in the late 1993. Dove-known to be a custodian to promise gave products to women to satisfy them all over the world. Dove started giving out products which fitted to their customer requirement in the female sector. In India Dove became the fastest growing hair care shampoo product in fifteen month of its launch proving its Promotional strategies to be worth. LOreal launched a shampoo+oil in India under Garnier brand name which is best suited for local Indian market but Unilever standardized the product rather than launching a new brand in a local market. LOreal focuses on target customers and then tailored their supply chain model according to the need of the specific geographical location while Unilever focus on mass market and depend on the overall economic development and the increasing purchasing power of the people. Portfolio of Brand management of Unilever is quite huge although 75% of their revenue comes from only 25 major brands. Therefore strategy of Unilever is on a much broader scale of mass consumption. However, LOreal spends their major advertisement activities towards focussed clientele and depends heavily on new product innovation; in 2009 alone LOreal has filed for 674 patent applications. ADVERTISING LOreal-because you are worth it, gives a kind of a fulfilment to the consumer that the kind of product the consumer was looking for, this is it. It gives the customer the belief that the product worth a lot and hence they are worth it validates to them being as worthy as the product though most of planning and thinking is only a virtual belief. LOreal started its advertising campaign in the late 1920 via posters and other such mediums. It first time appeared onscreen in 1950s in movies. In todays date LOreal got celebrity of all ages to promote their product. The strategy that LOreal used here is to use local celebrities to whom the common man relate to rather than having just one celebrity to promote their product globally. For example in India LOreal used ex Miss World Aishwariya Rai to promote their product where as in the United Kingdom they used Penelope Cruz to promote their product. This got LOreal the image of Traditional Beauty. LOreal knew that the best way to attract customers was to bestow the customers with the image that they could become as beautiful as their favourite celebrities. Dove on the other hand used the tactic of complementing their customers giving them a profound positive vibe by giving a positive line of you are beautiful. Dove uses various creative marketing strategies like using Facebook which is a social commerce networking site to promote its product. Dove has made its products available to the customers on the social website. Dove believes that it makes complete sense to move from a social networking website to a purchase worthwhile at the same place.Launching a competitive advertisement in competition with LOreal with the tag line Dove is No.1 Shampoo sending prospective customers personalised emails with such adverts and making customer believe that it is the best the customer can get. Given the image of real women Dove never used or endorsed their products through celebrities like in the case of LOreal. Instead Unilever built a new strategy for Dove. Given the cote of being Real Women Dove used a corporate advertising strategy by various cultures of women and projecting an image of self-satisfaction for the Unilever brands. Unilever tried to get their customer in the real world and by not giving them a fake hope that they could be liketheir favourite celebrity but giving them a hope that they could be beautiful with the real beauty bestowed in them. Unilever made its product Dove available to the customers through Facebook and other social networking sites in the United States and other parts of the world, with Unilever unveiling the new ecommerce offering shortly Marshall Manson, Europe Middle East and Africa managing director of digital at Unilevers PR agency Edelman, said: It makes sense to allow users to move directly from a social word-of-mouth recommendation, or from information a brand has shared, to purchase. He also said that the move makes it easier for Dove to connect social activity with business values and measure their effectiveness. The news comes just days after a study by Foresee found that consumers prefer email marketing messages than social media interactions with retailer websites in the UK. Larry Freed, president and chief executive officer of ForeSee Results, said brands need to be aware of how their target markets are influenced by promotional emails, advertising on Facebook or word-of-mouth recommendations. SALES PROMOTION In India LOreal brought the international style by transforming the looks in the form of amenities to its customers. LOreal marked its products through hair salons, owning over 2000 saloons over 36 cities in India. LOreal and Unilever competed on getting positioned in the shelf-space in the United States to be in the eye of the customers. Dove on the other hand promoted its product by positioning itself the best that is as the number one product and also with the help of dove the seven day challenge, where dove promised healthy hair or money back guarantee. In the United States Dove bought about the half-faced challenge. Dove asked the American customers to use the product on half of their face and feel the difference. Dove relies on websites to carry out its major sales promotions. Dove used theOscar ceremony by paying huge amount to broadcast live on television on the prime advertising time a 45second advertisement to bring their product into the eyes of the people. The real beauty code used by Unilever for Dove gained a lot of intangible possession towards Dove by Increasing customer loyalty and sales towards the brand. This led to a continuous rise in the sales of Dove; from 2005 to 2006 sales of dove grew by 10.1%. LOreal on the other hand promised a reduction in the hair fall or healthy hair. LOreal carried out its sales promotion having a wide assortment with varying range of products for premium and the middle class. Though LOreals premium product was at low demand, LOreal kept on reinforcing them through promoting their premium brand as a look of necessity. LOreal produced its goods in the form of services to the market by distributing it through professional hair-dressers. LOreals products came with various names such as the LOreal Paris hair colour which imbibed the country name in the brand which fostered the customer the urge of possessing that product. WEBSITE The LOreal website not only gives a brief introduction of its varied product features but it also gives information about the company history and also about the various product ranges for women in the market supplementing it with a little extra of for women categorising it specifically for them. LOreal in China launched a website in mandarin to help customer easy accessibility and making it easy for them to use the website. Due to this strategy of LOreal the customers felt more close to the brand and made it easy for the customers to access the product easily. Unilever for dove maintains its simplicity in its website also but to it dove also adds up a space for testimonials to looks at the customer response and also gave out various offers and promotions. To that Dove had also added up an interactive session and video to show how dove has helped peoples hair giving the customers the proof to what they claimed. They also came up with advertisement of the websites specific to that part of the region. Unilever wanted the local customer to be able to relate with the brand and see for themselves how they could look beautiful just by themselves. For example the Indian website had adverts of Dove dry hair shampoo which helped rough dry hair and prevented split-ends whereas in the United Kingdome Unilever had a range of special shampoo to reduce and prevent hair fall which generally happened in accordance to the hard water. DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL A market channel is one of the most important factors in the marketing of a product. It closures the period, space and hole in the market between the consumers and the product manufacturers. In India to distribute its product Dove Unilever uses three approaches, indirect coverage, and direct coverage and Streamline method. Dove Unilever looked out for short supply-chain for distribution to meet its customers needs and to reach out to a huge population. In India Unilever elected sub-stockist that covered up the mass part of the marketing areas where as in the Unites Kingdome Unilever were in direct contact with the retailers. Over 180 million units are produced in the United Kingdom annum and 65% of it is exported overseas. LOreal believes that its their obligation to generate value for the customers and hence adopts various sales strategies to the precise distribution channel of every individual market. http://en.oboulo.com/l-oreal-s-penetration-into-the-indian-market-64841.html http://company.monster.com/lorealusafr.aspx With 290 subsidiaries, more than 100 distributors and 42 plants, all spread out in about 130 countries, LOreal is the leader of the cosmetic industry. The group has begun its internationalisation in 1912 by following three steps: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ First, commercialisation of professional shampoos to hair-dressers via distributors in near Europe (Spain, Italy, Great Britain, Germany and Poland) and in the Americas first landing; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Second, local firms are taken over for example in the USA (Redken 1993, Maybelline 1996 etc.), in Argentina (Miss Y lang 2000) go native; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Third, subsidiaries (production, research and development) are directly created (Greenfield investment) without any first passage via distribution. It is the case in Asia (Japan and Hong Kong) globalisation. The group has to face harsh competition and new stakes like diversify its product segments (baby-boomers which become mammy-boomers; American, French and Japanese young with specific tastes; and men), exploit new means of distribution (like on line sales) and finally, take advantage before the competitors, of new emerging markets like Asia, India, Latin America, Africa and East European countries. When LOreals Professional Products Division entered India in 1997, hairdressing Industry as a market segment is almost insignificant. There were no organized education and training, couple of dubious domestic products and prohibitive expensive foreign brands. The first strategy of LOreal was to exploit this inherent gap in the nascent industry and invested heavily in hairdressing and training. Their head start also ensured broad distribution in the focussed market. We skim the top 100 cities in India and have the largest salon base in the country, of which 20 per cent is exclusive to us, contributing to 40 per cent of our revenue. Says Sharma, Director, LOreal Professional Products Division. He further adds Our biggest cost is the education of our trade. We have over 40 trainers; its an entire machine that needs constant oiling. In 2009, this industry alone in India isà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 33 Mio, growing in double digits, and LOreal Professional Products Professionnel and Kerastase are market leaders. LOreal Professional Products prides itself on a product they believe is technologically unmatched. 3.5 per cent of our sales are pumped back into research development; the best technology goes back into the trade, says Vismay Sharma, director, LOreal Professional Products Division. The challenge is to beat competitors who is adopting the same strategy. But competitors are eating into the same strategy. Both Schwarzkopf, at the number two position in the industry, and Wella have launched technical training centres. Schwarzkopf even launched a by-invitation-only hairdressers club and flew 150 members to Goa for an inaugural meeting. Strategy of Schwarzkopf is to demand an increased commitment to turnover in return from these loyal and exclusive customers to become high volume buyers. Wella, the other brand which entered India in 2001, is aiming to be in 5,000 salons by June 2006. LOreal organizes Colour trophy, a nationwide quest to find the most creative hairdressers in the country and also sponsor hair shows besides their annual showcasing of global fashions in hairdressing and colour to give a platform to unleash creativity and lead to creating new trends in the industry. And in a revision of distribution strategy, Schwarzkopf has just begun retailing their hair colour range to power growth. Sharma reacts, LOreal Professional Products began by selling through Parisienne salons. Thats at the heart of our business; we will not dilute it by retailing for home use. Okay, so the LOreal brand is strong, well established within target markets, and Sharma claims sales are up in India, although figures dont come by easily in the discussion. Well, this was the time, then, to become more proactive than ever before; to begin the task of figuring out just what it was going to take to sustain their competitive advantage and ensure that they stay at the cutting edge of their field. And so, in February this year, LOreal announced the arrival of Matrix (their number one brand in the US), an affordable range of hair products to add to their existing offering to offer Indian hairdressers the option of using a professional brand at this price point. The value proposition is similar. Both brands offer all the support hairdressers need, from education, complete in-salon marketing, and salon promotions. Matrix, however will thrive on depth of distribution, with a training centre in every city it retails in. LOreal India is the only company to offer products at three different price points luxury, premium and affordable. With this they will have a combination no one can beat. LOreal hasextensive campaign for LOreal Paris Lip Colour. They also wish to modify the product by adding SPF, so that lips can be protected from harmful. They are also putting ads in TV and out of home advertisements like hoardings, at malls on digital screen Marketing Strategy Distribution: Will widen distribution network by giving various incentives to distributers, retailers, stockiest in order, not to loseself-space to competition. Promotion: Will be distributing complementary lip care guide on minimum purchase, having tips on how the various brand ambassadors of LOreal Paris apply Lip Colour on themselves and take care of their lips. Social Responsibility: LOreal supports campaign for safe cosmetics which was started in October 2007. This will help in building consumer confidence, that LOreal Lip colour is safeBrand Management LOreal had built a dozen or so mega brands rooted in the local culture and appealing to different segments of the global market. Instead of homogenizing the various brands and making them palatable in myriad cultures, Owen-Jones decided to embody their country of origin, turning what marketing experts considered a narrowing factor into a marketing virtue. LOreal believed as being local but being backed up by the global international image diversifying the traditionalroots of brands. Brand Extensions: LOreal realized the need for caution in case of brand extensions. When LOreal decided to enter the kids shampoo category in 1998, it debated whether to launch a new brand or go for an extension. The company realized the LOreal name, long associated with womens hair care, would capture instant credibility with moms. But Kids was really a child-oriented product. When LOreal first unveiled its LOreal Kids shampoo line early 1998, retailers were sceptical. Advertising and Promotion LOreal backed its product innovations with the twelfth-largest media budget in the world. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, external charges, which included LOreals advertising and promotions expenditure jumped from 37% to 47% of sales. LOreal increased its global ad spending to $1.25 billion in 1998. LOreal had a unique promotion policy for all its brands. A brand, which sold in mass-market outlets, advertised and promoted itself in a way similar to brands sold in department stores. Corporate Structure LOreal was organized as a clutch of small profit centres, some with as few as ten employees. The companys work culture encouraged audits and budget meetings to focus less on the spilled milk of the past, and more on leading indicators of how things would look at year-end. These meetings encouraged discussions to find out which overlooked products showed signs of life but were undercapitalized and which products were not matching expectations and needed pruning. The structure allowed LOreal to move fast Competition LOreal faced competition from various formidable rivals. On one side, cosmetic majors like Revlon and Avon and Nivea vied for shelf space. On the other, there were the giant FMCG companies like Unilever and PG. There were also local competitors like HLL-Lakme in India, Dark and Lovely in Africa, and the erstwhile Shu Umera in Japan (LOreal later acquired this brand). Dove brand has grown inIndia from a mere à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬12.5 Mio to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬85 Mio in 2006 with products across the soap, shampoo, deodorant and skin care segments.Dove brand became Indias premium brand within one year of its launch. Some years ago the key to success was penetration in the market but it has changed now to educating the target customers about the benefit of the product and using it the right way. Unilever in India is well positioned because they have the right portfolio, focussed brands and operates at various price points. Being the market leader in India and estimated market growth is at 40-50%, Unilevers strategy is to build the market and translate other opportunities for launching new products like serum, masks and treatments under umbrella brand of Dove. To continue its leadership position, Unilever is constantly upgrading Dove from time to time to meet customers needs like Dove Daily, Dove dry therapy, Dove breakage therapy and son on. Levers strategy is to build rural market for increasing consumption level. Market estimate that 80% rural population have used shampoo but the big challenge is to convert the one time consumers to repeat purchasers, are they buying next weekà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.next month, next quarter? The strategy and challenge is to go deeper to media dark villages and build sales which will become the market of the future. Just for an example close to 30-40% of UP, the largest state in India, is media dark. Unilever in India has started running one of their largest consumer connect initiatives Khushiyon Ki Doli. It allows them to go deeper to villages with population of 5000 people. The heartening part is that consumers are will to embrace new things in life if they see a value proposition. The strategy of Unilever is broadly on the following basis: Adopted Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) which means Zero Error and Zero Loss Short supply chain module to enhance customer service To meet everyones needs at various product level and price points Penetrate, educate and build markets for the future> Project Shakti is targeted towards reaching small villages through micro financing model to reach village women. Integrate economic, environmental and social objectives with sustainable business agenda. Conclusion:

Cause and Effect Essay - Factory Farms Cause Sickness and Pollution

Cause and Effect Essay - Factory Farms Cause Sickness and Pollution There is little doubt that animals raised on small-scale diverse farms are apt to be healthier. When allowed to range freely, particularly in organically maintained yards and pastures, they receive more exercise, their diet is more varied and they are exposed to commensal bacteria that help exclude, and build resistance to, harmful pathogens. Some organic practitioners also argue that free-ranging animals actively seek out plants with medicinal properties that can build their resistance to illness, When Livestock production is carried out on a scale that suits the global market, however, huge numbers of animals are kept in tightly confined conditions, and the potential for disease outbreaks is much higher.. The important considerations of animal welfare aside, these methods lead to the rampant use of antibiotics, which poses a significant health risk, not only for the livestock, but for consumers as well, since antibiotic residues can remain in meat and milk. Roughly half the 25,000 tonnes of antibiotics produced in the United States are used in the raising of animals for human consumption. There are other reasons for concern about the overuse of antibiotics in giant livestock operations. Some 40 to 80 percent of the antibiotics used in farming are thought to be unnecessary even under factory conditions, as 80 percent of their use is as a preventative measure and for growth promotion. Overuse has already rendered some drugs ineffective and may even make some strains of bacteria untreatable. According to the Public Health Laboratory Service in Britain, a new strain of salmonella that first appeared in the United Kingdom in 1990 is re... ...rom practices all too common among industrial pig operations: transporting animals in contaminated vehicles and feeding them waste food containing infected meat. Problems like these are an inherent part of a food system that is so large that companies can increase their profits by millions of dollars simply by saving a few cents on each animal ¹s feed, or by using chemicals or processing methods that reduce costs by a fraction of a percent. We all want safe, healthy food, but we cannot rely on the global food system to provide it. The corporate food chain has grown so long and the distance between producers and consumers so vast that no one can really know how their food was grown, how it was processed, and how it was treated during its long travels. Only by localising and reducing the scale of our food systems can we once again trust the food we eat.

short narrative essay (avalanche) -- essays research papers

Lost but Not Forgotten   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was a cold night in January, when he awoke covered in snow, his board broken and hanging from his left foot, the binding from his right still securely strapped to hit now numb, right foot It was now nearing Zero degrees Fahrenheit he thought, and not a soul was anywhere to be found. Zane Farrell had last seen another creature what he guessed was about six hours ago. As far as he knew he was about thirty miles north of Bull Creek, at the local ski area- Bull Mountain. Unsure of his exact location, cold and growing weary he started his tedious climb up what he thought was the northern side of the peak, he was unsure how he got to where he was, but his best guess was that when he was the origin of a small avalanche. His last memory before his startling awakening in his would be snowy grave was snowboarding. It had been just after lunch and he thought he would try some new terrain. He laced up his snowshoes, and proceeded to climb to the highest point of the mountain. He arrived at his first destination after about an hour of hiking. After a short while he figured he had looked over his new found haven enough, he was ready. He started down the grade with a small arsenal, consisting of a shovel, about ten granola bars, two bottles of power-ade, his snowshoes, and what was left in his hydration bladder in his pack. After descending about two hundred feet he came into the clearing he was hoping to find, it was as smooth as silk, twenty inches of fresh powder under his board. Up ahead he say a small but formidable drop off on the mountain, he knew if he was going to escape this with his dignity he was going to have to work some magic, to his success. The drop was approximately eighteen feet, but he was ready for it, he landed perfectly, it was like a dream the poof of snow exploding out from his impact, and the gentle flakes hitting his face. As he continued down the slope he did not realize that his gentle landing had severely weakened the physical s tructure of the mountain’s blanket, and that any moment he could bring the mass down upon himself at impossible speeds. Then it happened, he turned too sharply, caught his heel edge and fell onto his backside. He slowly got up and regained his balance, but it was too late. What he saw was like being attacked by the vengeful clouds of the gods. He turned down... ...of chili and three spaghetti-o’s. After he had finished eating he decided that he had better get some rest, he went to bed in the small cot he found in the corner. He slept well in the warmth of the cabin, but awoke to the sound of a gasoline engine. Startled he looked around and saw a woman rekindling the fire. She saw him looking at her and told him he was ok, and that when he was ready her husband would take him back to town. She had already made coffee and some pancakes, and told him he was more than welcome to have some.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After a while of talking he decided it was time to go home, after apologizing for the broken door, and the food he ate the night before, she insisted that it was no problem and that they were very glad to have helped. She walked out the door to get her husband. After fumbling through his wallet, he pulled out a fifty and put it on the table, then walked out to find a snowmobile waiting for him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was a long cold ride, but he was grateful, when they got to town he insisted that it was far enough and thanked the man with a handshake. Zane Farrell had never been happier to see that small mountain town.

Islamic civilization Essay

Islamic civilization which known as golden ages has a lot of contribution in mordent civilization. Islam is a religion which belief in one god Allah also encourages to gain knowledge from the creation of Allah. The last messenger of Islam Muhammad (May peace be upon him) advice his follower to seek knowledge. Islamic scientist and scholar had contributed a lots in mordent science starting from the medical science , mathematics , architecture , philosophy geography etc. from the two documentary â€Å" Islam and science† made by BBC and â€Å"short film about 1001 invention† which described the contributions of Islamic civilization in the mordent world. First of all talk about the contribution of Islamic scholar in mathematics. The language of modern science still has many references to Arabic roots. If we discuss about scientific terms like Algebra, Algoriddim, alkaline this word as Arabic. There will be no mathematic or no physics without Algebra, no computer without Algoriddim, no chemistry without alkaline. Surprisingly few people in the west today even scientist are aware of this medieval Islamic legacy. But it was not always so, from 12th to 17th century European scientism and scholars regularly refers to earlier Islamic text. European world realize that there way of doing arithmetic which is essentially based on Roman numerals which was hopelessly inefficient. Muhammad ibn-musa al-khwarizmi showed Europeans a batter way to doing arithmetic. In his book the Hindu Art of Reckoning he describes a revolutionary idea. He shows that we can represent any number we like with just ten simple symbols. Which are Indian Arabic digits or symbols Ù ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å½ to Ù © and Ù  Ã¢â‚¬Å½ and in English 1 to 9 and 0, by using this now we represent all the number we like. Al-Khwarizmi created the decimal points at time of translating Indian system to Arabic. By using this decimal now we can describe the fraction numbers not only the whole numbers. Islam always encourage to gain knowledge, prophet Muhammad Sallallaahu alayhi wa sallam, (May peace be upon him), advice his followers to seek knowledge. Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan one of the leader of Islamic empire 8th century (AD) select one common language Arabic to rule the Islamic empire. Selecting common language is not only for administrative connivance. He realizes the important to gain knowledge. As a result Abd Al Malik start collecting different books from other reason as, Greek, Persian and bring those books and translate to Arabic, this became known as  translation period. To collect books Abd Al Malik send his messengers different part of the world and anyone who brought a book that he did not have , he repaid that person by its weight in gold. As a result of translation movement scholars, scientist, physicians in Arab empire was familiar or aware of the latest remedies, innovation, theories introduced by the other scholar from the far away as India and china. The golden ages of Islam which is time between 8th century to 1258 when Mongol conquest of Bagdad. Through scholars and scientist of various faiths some of the most important discoveries known to man were invented in this time. Starting from the Islamic scholar Ibn sina , Al Zahrawi in medical science to Al Biruni who determined the size of the world. Al Rayhan Al Biruni successfully determined the size of the world by using his formula or method. To estimate the size of the world Al Biruni used the height of the mountain and the angle of dip of the flat horizon from the mountain. Ibn al-Haytham , whose idea led to the invention of camera. By explaining who our eyes work Ibn Haytham led the foundation for modern cameras. Abbas Ibn Firnas who is the first man in the history who believed that man can fly before many years before the Wright brother. On the other hand, not only the male scholar contributed or invented new technology in this golden ages. Beside all the male Islamic schola r there was a lots of female scholar contributed a lot by inventing new technology this period. Merriam Al Astrulabi, she invented sophisticated astrolabes which show the sky and the stars on a small flat plate. This used by the navigators, astrologers astronomers for predicting the position of the stars, sun, moon etc. Abu-Ali Husayn Ibn-abdullah Ibn-sina one of the greatest Islamic scholar. In 1025 he completed Al-Qanon fi Al-Tibb (canon of medicine) in it he collected and expanded all that gone before him, medical idea from Greek to India and turns them into a single work. In this book he describe how human body works, how disease work in general, what are the causes for different disease. Another great scholar in Islamic empire is Abu Al Qasim Al Zahrawi , known as greatest medieval surgeon. Abu Al Qasim Al Zahrawi well has known for his book Al Tasrif and inventing several surgical instruments, which still use in the mordent medical science. In his book Al Tasrif which consists thirty parts and he describe different issues in medical science.  The most important part Fro m his book Al Tasrif where he describe different surgical treatment which include surgery of eye ,ear , removal of stone from bladder etc. In conclusion, at the time of golden ages in Islamic civilization the scholar and scantiest in Islam contributed to science in a large extent. Which gave new theories, methods, scientific innovation in different field. Starting introduce new way to calculate the numbers, inventing instruments for doing surgery, who our boy work and cause of different diseases, determining the size of the world so on. Most of this theories and inventions are still using in the modern science. On the other hand translation period provide a great opportunity for the Islamic scientist to gain knowledge and use that knowledge to invent a new ideas.

Obesity

What can Samoan parents do to prevent obesity and diabetes in their children? Samoan culture is greatly respected by its people. In their opinion, no other culture is even close to theirs in values, respect, tradition, mentality, form of government etc. They want to keep things that way and hopefully nothing could come In between. Samoa may be perfect in such ways but, like they say, there Is always a bad apple In a society. I believe obesity and diabetes are that. Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary (1 lath addition) defines obesity as â€Å"a condition characterized by the excessive accumulation and storage of fat In the body.In similar terms, obesity Is defined as being extremely overweight. Samoan are known to have this problem as part of their nature. They tend to eat much more than a decent meal and can't stop themselves. Such action could lead to health problems and cause people to care less. Therefore, prevention of obesity and diabetes Is much needed In Samoa. Parents cou ld help prevent their children from having such diseases by Limiting the amount of food given to their kids, having them on diets, reducing the amount of sweets given to them, and talking to them about these diseases and their uniqueness.Not all Samoan have obesity and diabetes but, most of them do. If we don't do anything to stop the spreading of such problems, then maybe in the near future, everybody will have it. Consequently, parents should start with their children. They should prescribe a specified regimen for their kids. Have them eat foods that contain no fat at all and prepare a nice home cooked meal for them. Try to limit the amount of sweets given to them to prevent diabetes. Having diabetes could lead to other major diseases such as hypertension and stroke, which possibly lead to death.Parents should know these facts and be able to prevent them from happening to their loved ones. Samoan children are hard to talk to concerning health problems. Sometimes they know the trut h but, they Just don't want to listen. It's because children and parents don't have time to talk about emotional problems. Samoan parents don't have that close relationship with their children like most American parents do. They have the l- know-it-all kind of attitudes towards their kids. They don't even care what their children think and what they're feeling.All they care about is themselves and the old- seasoned Samoan way of raising kids. Therefore, parents should know their limits and start talking to their kids before anything happens. The best way for them to do so, Is to level with their kids and try to win their trust. That way, they could be able to help them understand why eating too much could cause health problems. Children would have to listen and feel what their parents are trying to tell them. Everything would be worked out with communication If trust Is Included. â€Å"According to Statistic Canada's fledglings from the Canadian Community Health Survey. Percent of Canadian children and adolescents aged two to 17 were overweight or obese in 2004. Between 1978 and 2004 the obesity rate among 12-17 year olds increased from three percent to nine percent. ] Childhood obesity has tripled over the past two decades; Obesity is a serious and complex issue that supporting research that will help find solutions. † (http://en. Thinkers. Com/ reference/quotes_on_obesity/) â€Å"Behavior involving physical activities and nutrition are the corner stone of preventing obesity in children and adolescents. † (http://www. Obesity. Org/subs/ childhood/prevention. HTML). If parents could force their children to exercise daily, the chance of developing obesity and diabetes would be limited in children. Exercising helps a lot with different diseases. Although it is well established that a regimen of diet and exercise is the best way to control body weight, a recent review by Ross, Freeman, and Janssen (2000) challenges their statement that exercise alon e is not an effective method of weight loss. It is stated in this review that exercise alone can be effective for weight loss. â€Å"Our body is the temple of God. † (1 Corinthians 6; 19).God made us to be happy ND live life to the fullest. He wanted his children to take care of the temple that he gave us. The word temple is holy. Therefore, we should take care of ourselves because it's holy in the eyes of the Lord. The bible even wanted all the parents to teach their children the ways they should live so they will never depart from it. A saying goes â€Å"Monkey see, monkey do. † Parents can not help prevent obesity and diabetes in their children if they are doing the same thing. They should set an example for their children by eating right and exercising daily. It's a good routine to start with.Parents should let their children know how much they care for them by doing what is right. In conclusion, a wise man once said â€Å"prevention is better than a cure. † It's better to prevent a problem from occurring than finding a cure to a problem. Therefore, parents see overweight people all the time. No caring parents would want that to happen to their children. They could prevent that by caring for their kids and making sure they are eating right. Make the world a safer place for their children to live in. Help them to live life to the fullest and understand the consequences of carelessness. Obesity It has become an escalating epidemic that is very outrageous In the America. Not to mention, obesity is a disorder that have affected millions of people including children and teens. Obesity has reached an epidemic problem, creating a huge generation of people to have a shorter lifespan affected over a quarter of adults (Allen, Terry). American is the richest but yet the fattest nation in the world. However, obese comes from Latin which means to â€Å"eat†. Nonetheless it was only in the nineteenth century that most people in the western world who began to have slacking of the food.Romans use to tickle their throats to vomit the food so that there want be a possibility of becoming obese. A study by Harvard Medical School in the sass's found that young people who dieted regularly were more likely to get overweight than those who did not. CDC predicts 42% of Americans will be obese by 2030 which is 32 million people. People tend to get obese and overweight mixed up. Actually, th ey're totally different. The body mass index tells which category the person falls under. Obesity IBM is either 30 or higher. If considered overweight IBM is between 25 up to 29. . Furthermore, obesity is when a errors had a body weight due to accumulation of body fat. The world we are living in today is a world that obesity is one of the most leading deaths in the United States. There are so many different types of treatment and prevention towards obesity. Gastric bypass which is a surgery that shrinks the stomach can help obesity afterwards. The goal for an obese person is for them to reach a health weight. Dietary can be one of the main treatments that can help some people who are obese. An obese person should exercise and do daily activities.Also there will need to be any type of appetite suppressants that will be taken. Another surgery is lips-suction which helps reduce body fat. The changes of someone lifestyle will need to be the first priority. As Linda Hay an obese lady say s â€Å"After 2 years of trying to lose weight using weight watchers, nutritionist, and much more didn't work (Newman, Cathy). Preventing obesity at an early age is very beneficial. By establishing healthy eating and exercise habits among American should take a big role in prevention. Staying active daily and watching one's weight should become a weekly routine.Everyone should drink up to 8 glasses of water and a physical every year. No one should eat after 7 o'clock and also watch the minimum of Junk food being consume. There should be physical education in schools to help children and teens from getting obese. If the disorder is inherited it should start taking place as a child and watch the food that is eaten. Obesity is not Just about food; it is about an entire life. People who are overweight also tend to feel less secure, less happy, and be stressed. They get teased, criticized, and Judged. In many cases, the problem is not the child's fault.Being overweight may run in that c hild's family, or their parents do not encourage hem to be active and get enough exercise. Many children spend too much time indoors wasting away in front of the TV, playing video games, or spending time on the computer, and consuming high snacks, soft drinks and candy at the same time. The CDC performed a study in 1994 that was described in the book Fat Land; it showed that children who watched over four hours of television a day had higher body mass index numbers than those who watched less than one hour a day.In 1994, The Centers for Disease Control studied the TV viewing time, exercise patterns, and eight gain of children aged eight to fifteen (â€Å"Obesity' The Columbia Encyclopedia). The results found that the less a child exercised and the more they watched TV, the more likely they were to be obese or overweight. Obesity has so many dangerous effects on one's life. For all people it causes so many diseases. Effects on teenage with low levels of self-esteem are more likely t o report feelings of loneliness, sadness and nervousness. They are also more likely to smoke and consume alcohol.Incidents of bullying and social isolation are more likely among overweight teens than normal- weight teens. Overweight teens are three times more likely to experience depression. Often their weight problems began in childhood and by the time they reach their adolescence. They may not even seem interested in reducing their weight. Admonish your child every step of the way will make a big difference. If a teenager is following the food pyramid and eating nutritious foods daily with a variety of physical activities, obesity should never become an issue.Teen health should be a major concern for all parents that have a teenager. One important aspect that could affect male sperm count and possible cause male infertility is obesity. As males began to get obese their breast starts to grow which is called Pseudoscience's. When men become obese they become less fertile. Also, men genital area began to be smaller the more they become obese. Obesity affects women the most because they have more disorders. The more weight women gain will cause them to have osteoarthritis of the knees.Obese women will also have a high possibility to have the gallbladder disease and cancer. Obese people in general will have some weight gain, arthritis, diseases, shortness of breath that can be incapacitating, sleep apneas, and emotional ND social problems, lower back pain and other orthopedic problems, hernias, heartburn, asthma, high cholesterol, high blood pressure. People with only slightly genetic predisposition to be obese have a chance of losing weight on their own. It is mainly the amount of fat that people make a habit of eating and their lifestyle that plays the biggest role in their overall health.Only an obese person would know what it feels like. Their choices may not people as sagacious as they should, but they are all human as well. John Hatch states: Being obese is n't easy. They are hungry all the mime, indolent, and body hurts. All because of the increments of their body, it will cause younger children to stare at them. Obese thinks only about food and death majority of the time. Obese patients avoid medical visits at all cost because the shame of guilt. Obese people tend to be sad, depressed, or maybe angry.They will not go to the doctor so they will not here the bad news. No one wants to be around anyone obese nor would someone be attracted to them. He says being obese can be the worst thing someone could ever be(C-D Room Interview). Obese people are at a higher risk of death due to health problems. Obesity is cause from so many things in today's society such as: too many calories being consumed from fast food, lack of physical activity, typical lifestyle and/or depression. People imperceptibly become obese and do not even know until that doctor visit.A major thing that causes Americans to be obese is the fast food that is so accessible to us. All fast foods have copious amounts of calories and fat Just in one burger; this isn't even including the French fries or soft drink someone may order. The first factor would be that individuals can choose what to eat. Second would be he food companies that make the unhealthy food. Third would be the government for having taxes that cause people to buy the least expensive foods. Toxins all around is making majority of us fat. As you get older, your body's ability to metabolize food slows down.Environmental factors include lifestyle behaviors such as what a person self-esteem may, in some cases, also play a role in weight gain. The medication some people are taking may also have a responsibility to someone becoming overweight. Obesity cause physical problems, psychological, social and economic well-being problems. The more a person is overweight the greater risk of death. There is so much negative connotation directed towards obese people. Others start teasing and bullying those who are not the same size as them.Social discriminating against obese makes them seem as if they are not wanted, so they turn to food. Jobs may even be describes as discriminating due to the person size, so there is no income coming into the home. In recent years, obesity has increased dramatically in many parts of the world. The epidemic starts with the less exercising and a high caloric intake. Americans like to spend their time in sedentary activities. It all begins in the person childhood. When a child says they are hungry the mother will constantly nurture. As that child gradually grows it will become less active.Fast food and fried food are the number one reasons to obesity. Some other foods such as processed and artificial additives may increase the risk of obesity. Obesity has become the second hierarchy death that is killing our people. The one main reason obesity is still increasing is that it has started in the childhood now. Secondly, the fast growing technology is maki ng our nation lazy. The remote controllable things make it easy for en to control some without even getting up. The updated machines in factories are cutting off work, so they are less active.Also the violence is another reason why people are staying in their homes. People can now work from their homes due to the upgraded software, which causes them to sit on their behind all day. Transportation in the 21 the century is the most reliable thing to count on other than walking. The more the fast foods are being promoted the more people will be extremely overweight. Obesity in our time and day has not only become a problem, but it has also become an epidemic throughout our nation. We and one need to take full responsibility and abstain from the bad eating habits. Obesity A person with a IBM of 30 or more is generally considered obese. A person with a IBM equal to or more than 25 is considered overweight. Based on the report stated by the Ministry of Health (MOM), It shows the huge increasing percent from 4. 4 percent at 2006 then increased to 15. 1 percent in 2011. From this statistic, it shows that obesity among Malaysian are becoming a serious problem. The escalation of obesity, once thought to be an urban phenomenon, has now spread to the rural population at an alarming rate.As Malaysia proceeds rapidly towards a plopped economy status, the health of its population will probably continue to deteriorate. Therefore, a national strategy needs to be developed to tackle both dietary and activity contributors to the excess weight gain of the Malaysian population. One of the factors that influence the increasing factor of obesity is fast food intake. As the economy pass by, the fast food restaurant can be fine everywhere in Malaysia. The first franchise fast food was brought into Malaysia in 1963 was A&W by Mr. and Mrs. Lie Off from ASSAI.The Lie Off family opened their first outlet in Clan Thank Abdul Raman making it the first fast food outlet in Malaysia. From there, Malaysian community start eat fast food and one by one the fast food restaurant came into the Malaysia like KEF McDonald's, and many more. Malaysian love to choose all those restaurant as it is easy and affordable to get. As the fast food has wide the empire in Malaysia by enhance the service like drive true restaurant that people can get the meal without leave the car and delivery service that just pick up the phone and the meal inferno your door.It is the best reason why even thong there is a stall all around in Malaysia, served he Malaysian food, the Malaysian like to choose fast food restaurant as their restaurant to get food. According to Hussein (2011), the ability of western fast food restaurant to cater to local Muslim market created a huge impact on local fo od restaurant in Malaysia. According to Small et al (2002), the improvement in socioeconomic status increases the obesity prevalence which the people are used to leading a sedentary life style and unhealthy habit.The statement agreed by Paltrier and Alaska (2012), most of the people in this millennium century AR working people. They have to work to support their family. If 20 years back, women who has their own carrier is difficult to see,most of them are house wife. They prepared all the food for themselves and family, but in the moored live they also working to support their family. Sometimes they do extra time from the normal working hour. That lead to the buy outside food as it is easy to get and the food are ready to eat without have to prepared all the food after a long hour stay in their workplace.Another key factor that contribute in the increasing the number of obesity factor was the eating behavior. Shootout et al (2004), mention that most of the obesity people is working. People who are working sometimes face with the irregular working hour. So they have to skip the meal or eat the meal late at night. This factor play a main role in change the diet structure. People tend to take a large amount of food for one short to ensure saving their time to cope with their responsibility at work.For the parents, they don't have enough time to prepare the food for family and for working women it is hard for them in balance between family and work. Therefore, the easiest alternative is to buy a food outside which the nutrition and hygiene of that food can be questioned. According to Paltrier and Alaska (201 2), constraints in time stressing , working people and modern family might substitute time-saving options which the priority to eat food rather than emphasize the nutritional values that are supposed to be the heart of concern.Culture certainly has a big influence on behaviors leading to weight gain. The concepts of personal well being such health, affluence, beauty, strength and prosperity are modeled and learnt from society at large according to Amounts (1994). As such, culture and society that accepts overweight as favorable, would lead to behaviors that reinforces weight gain. Behaviors that lead to weight gain are influenced at various social levels such as peer groups, parents, partners, friends and authority figures, or socio-economic environment.It is usual that people tend to eat the foods that are eaten by their family and friends for reasons such as having a sense of acceptance and belonging, compliance to authority. According to Sob (1 995), community must having consistencies in attitudes, beliefs and habits of diet and nutrition formed through learning . Other social influence variables in gender roles . The women tend to be tater,the life development such people tend to grow fatter as they age, and then decline as the bodybuilders.One such cultural influence with regards to socio-economic environment is eating out. Eating out has become popular as it is highly convenient for today's modern household. French et al. (2001 ) says that eating out at restaurants and eating food prepared away from home has been found to be increasing in trend in the past 20 years. Local data shows similar trend not only in the urban but also in the rural area . Moreover, food prepared away from home tend to be larger in portion, as well as higher in fat ND energy.This change in nutritional quality is a cause for concern as there is increasing intake of higher than needed energy consumption. Mass media influence plays a large role in eating out behavior by exposing messages that encourage food consumption, which leads to the increase Of food availability . On the other hand, people nowadays are more used to a sedentary life style. The evolution of modern technology has created machines that replace the human role in performing quite a number of daily chores. We are no longer walk to our destination due to the convenience of al sorts of transportation.On the other hand, more sophisticated and smart technology too influence people in using modern gadget make this situation become worse. According to Inorganic (2006), people nowadays move less frequent as more they now prefer spending time sitting in front of computers or using their cell phone to update their status in medial social such as faceable, twitter and many more. Furthermore, modern kids now prefer to play online game using their gadget rather than to get involved in the outdoors sports such as football, basketball, hockey and many more.Therefore, according to Somatic (2014), a combination of sedentary life style and unhealthy diet is the main factor that contribute to the growing prevalence in obesity among Malaysian. From the influence factor of obesity, the government had come with some prevention on it under the 8th Malaysian Plan (PM). The government has been trying to promote local fast food industry by offering financial and training su pport to those Malaysian that interested . This situation indirectly increases competition among fast food companies and it changes the Malaysian appetite from traditional local delicacies to fast food respectively.The result from this situation is the nutrition imbalance because fast food is incantation with high sugar and fat. According to Geek (2012), Malaysia has been experiencing an upward trend in term of the availability of calories from animal and having escalation of availability of sugar has from 28. 8 keg to 48. 7 keg between 1 967 and 2007. Even though this situation will pose a negative impact on the human health over a long term of consumption, it is not really highlighted.According to Phantasmagoria and Pranks (2007), Malaysian was obscured by other element such as nice packaging, delicious in taste, attractive promotion and good service to increase people excitement in enjoying this type of food. People nowadays are more used to a sedentary life style. The evolution of modern technology has created machines that replace the human role in performing quite a number of daily chores. People no longer walk to our destination due to the convenience of all sorts of transportation.On the other hand, more sophisticated and smart technology too influence people in using modern gadget make this situation become worse. According to Inorganic (2006), people nowadays move less frequent as ore they now prefer spending time sitting in front of computers or using their cell phone to update their status in medial social such as faceable, twitter and many more. Furthermore, modern kids now prefer to play online game using their gadget rather than to get involved in the outdoors sports such as football, basketball, hockey and many more.Therefore, according to Somatic (2014), a combination of sedentary life style and unhealthy diet is the main factor that contribute to the growing prevalence in obesity among Malaysian. In other point of view, Malaysia was one of mu lti rattail that live in en nation. Even though every race has their own unique beliefs and practice, they celebrate the festival together without any problem. Usually in the festival Hair Ray, Chinese New Year ,Divalent and many more, they widely being practice an open house which it becomes a culture to all Malaysian.According to Moravian and Mood (2012), people in Malaysia love to served a lot of their traditional food and people will take a chance to taste as many types of food as they can. Usually that kind of traditional food they only can find on that festival. For example,Hair Ray festival, Malay people like to SE coconut milk when preparing their traditional dishes. The other festival also in use of unhealthy ingredients for several traditional food like adding the coconut milk and using a lot of oil make the food unhealthy to be consumed.Chon, (1984) says that, the risk of obesity will increased by taking a large amount of unhealthy type of food. According to the president of Malaysian society, Mood Small Nor (2014), Malaysian is ranked sixth in the Asia-Pacific region for obesity and diabetes. It shows that it is crucial to call for the government's attention on this unhealthy development. It agreed by Mood, (2002) it provides a rough picture on the real situation happened in Malaysia where the modernization really brought the huge changes for all Malaysian in taking the food and influence the majority to practicing sedentary lifestyle.As a result, Malaysian The Malaysia National Health Morbidity Survey 2011 (OHMS VIVO, obesity is one of the risk factors that play a main role in the increase of non-communicable diseases (NC) such as, diabetes mellitus, hypertension,and cardiovascular disease . This survey was run under the Institute of public Health. It is an authority to conducts every 4 ear to collecting data to provide trends on the prevalence of certain diseases and health behaviors.The objective of the server was to provide health related commu nity-based data and information so as to inform the Ministry of Health Malaysia in the review of health priorities, programmer strategies, activities as well as and the planning and allocation of resources. Therefore, the comparison with The Malaysian National Health Morbidity Survey 2006 (OHMS Ill) indicated that three-fold rise in the prevalence of obesity, from 4. 4% in 1996 to 15. 1% in 2011 which equates to approximately 2. Million Malaysian met the criteria for obesity.Based on this figure, it shows that obesity has become a burden which it also include the increase in the prevalence of Nan-communicable disease (NC) respectively. According to Fissile et al (2014), obesity was categorized to reach the epidemic level and Malaysia was leading nation among the developing countries. Based on data from OHMS IV, Malaysia ranked top of obesity in South-East Asia country, placed sixth prevalence in Asia and ranked 39th worldwide. This alarming statistics indirectly tell that Malaysia a ctually facing far more serious health robber compared to other countries in the region.The Malaysia Government under our Prime Minister Data' Sir Mood Ninja bin Tune Hajji Abdul Raze was launched the Economy Transformation Programmer (HTTP) that plays a comprehensive effort to transform Malaysia into a high- income nation by 2020. The programmed focus on a few key growth engines that is the 12 National Key Economic Areas (Knees) which healthcare is one of the core factors as a driver of economic activity that has the potential to directly and materially contribute to a quantifiable amount of economic growth. To achieve the objective that has been set, it requires a productive nation to ensure the success of this programmed.If the incident of obesity still in the arising trend and the people of Malaysia will be having potential to comply to NC, it will to slow down the journey to reach the aim of this programmed. According to Taylor (2006), the active and healthy people are needed i n order to determine the high achievement and acquire success. National Strategic Plan for Non-Communicable Disease (NSP 2010-2015) was developed to battle the current crisis that prevalence of non- incommunicable diseases (NC) and NC risk factors in Malaysia which increase at an alarming rate.TO achieve the Objective Of this plan, the main programmed that highlight is integrated and comprehensive service delivery. It was conducted under Non-Communicable Disease-I Malaysia Prevention (NCSC-I M) programmed which will focus more on primary care clinics are equipped to provide a full range of NC services, including promotion, preventive or wellness services, screening, ‘identification of risk factors', intervention, treatment and rehabilitation.As a result, 32000 clients had been purported at 496 NCSC-IM projects sites which in total, 55000 NC risk factor screening procedures had been undertaken between October 201 0 and December 2012. The NCSC-IM is a unique project where it pla ys an important role to design the community health volunteers and trains them the basic principles of healthy living, pathologically, and the epidemiology of NCSC. Apart from educating and advocating healthy lifestyles, they are also trained to conduct blood sugar tests, body mass index (IBM) and blood pressure measurements, and to read and interpret results from these screening tests. Obesity English 101 6:00 am Professor Cardenas-Adame November 9, 2012 The Cure for Obesity As an American society we all share a similar fear for obesity. Everyone can be succumbed by obesity and most are. The percentage is over 70% of America that are borderline line of being obese and 36 in the us that are obese. Also it’s a triadic to see that Americans are rated the highest in world for obesity. Many may ask why is obesity such a curse. Many say you may get looked down upon in today society or so forth.The only topic that will be address today is the health related reasoning of why obesity is such a threat to society. First we must address how to measure if we are one who is succumbed to this awful plague known as obesity. In the U. S we use the BMI which is an abbreviation for Body Mass Index. Which evaluates the body mass or fat context we have. If we have below 7% we extremely unhealthy or if we have over 20 % we are considered obese which can ultimately be fatal.Not immediatel y fatal but obesity is directly linked to many of the most fatal disease in the world today as diabetes, any many other that can cause heart failure. All due to the lack of exercise and over eating, also one major other key we may not always consider to be a factor of being obese is genetics. Genetics can play a huge factor on whether we are going to be fighting with obesity for the rest of our life’s. One may question if obesity is something that they will be fighting for the rest of our life or is there a cure?There are several types of solution to manage ones weight. Recently with our modern technology American society has turn toward bypass surgery has there solution to obesity. Though statistically the percentage of successful procedures is dramatically high, there are many factor to consider to coming to the conclusion if surgery is in fact a cure. In the beginning many turned towards surgery as the last solution, but never the first choice nor was it consider a solutio n.The risk of failure is very slim now with increasing technology and better trained surgeons. Though its highly effective there are still draw backs. One many consider the procedure overall expensive with the cost ranging as little as 3,000 to 8,000 dollars, Also another drawback is the scars the procedure leaves, and many other issue but for the pros out way the con. Is there other ways to loose weight one may ask, or more affordable? The most popular cure for obesity though for some maybe not the most effective way to loose weight is dieting.Keeping track of you calories or your carb intake daily, also having in consideration the type of diet you are on determines the rate and difficulty of the diet. The society today would consider this method on of the hardest ways to loose wait because not only is it a constant struggle to watch everything you eat, it take a lot of mental control as well to resist the cravings that every human being has. Also one may also need to be knowledgea ble in the type of diet they are doing in order for it to be effective and correctly monitor there intake of food for there diet.Though this way may seem very effective and inexpensive it can be costly for some diets if you are buying diet food and shake and ext. The downfall to this method is the society intends to do very well at the beginning and then eventually slips and typically the end up gaining more weight in the end then what they had started it. One needs to have a lot of mental control for this method. The method most effective and inexpensive is exercise. Exercise has been the most effective method since the very beginning of time.Though exercise can also go hand in hand with all the other method especially dieting which actually is highly recommend to have the best result but is not a requirement. There are many reason why this method is ranked as the most popular and effective way to loose weight. As we recently learned about dieting how it can be extremely difficult mentally, as one may need self control. Exercise can offer things that other methods cant as far pleasure, and being enjoyable.As an example when the human body is engage in cardivascular workout, stating that heart rate reaches 120 beats per second the body releases endorphin into the body stream which many may call as a runners high. This is considered very pleasurable and also a very effective way to stay healthy. Are bodies are designed in a way that require a certain amount of exercise to remain health. This is one of the most efficient ways to reduce the risk of diseases as we mentioned earlier and is very inexpensive compared to surrey and dieting.Also it offers the least side effect or draw backs to cure obesity, Though as surgery may be permanent method for obesity on the other the hand is not exercise is not. One as to continue to exercise daily to maintain the proper BMI or it will can increase dramatically. Even though there are numerous activity and event one can choose to engage in to have the proper amount of exercise daily, the society today still fails to maintain the required amount of exercise to remain healthy which is our ultimate goal.Remaining healthy is overall is what the society strives for today to increase ones life but not only to increase ones life but also to increase the quality of life. Which leaves obesity being an obstacle for many to reach that goal. Though obesity is indeed a big problem it is not unsolvable, it has many solutions which is briefly reviewed in this essay. One only has to choose which may be the best cure for them to help them solve this problem of obesity. Obesity English 101 6:00 am Professor Cardenas-Adame November 9, 2012 The Cure for Obesity As an American society we all share a similar fear for obesity. Everyone can be succumbed by obesity and most are. The percentage is over 70% of America that are borderline line of being obese and 36 in the us that are obese. Also it’s a triadic to see that Americans are rated the highest in world for obesity. Many may ask why is obesity such a curse. Many say you may get looked down upon in today society or so forth.The only topic that will be address today is the health related reasoning of why obesity is such a threat to society. First we must address how to measure if we are one who is succumbed to this awful plague known as obesity. In the U. S we use the BMI which is an abbreviation for Body Mass Index. Which evaluates the body mass or fat context we have. If we have below 7% we extremely unhealthy or if we have over 20 % we are considered obese which can ultimately be fatal.Not immediatel y fatal but obesity is directly linked to many of the most fatal disease in the world today as diabetes, any many other that can cause heart failure. All due to the lack of exercise and over eating, also one major other key we may not always consider to be a factor of being obese is genetics. Genetics can play a huge factor on whether we are going to be fighting with obesity for the rest of our life’s. One may question if obesity is something that they will be fighting for the rest of our life or is there a cure?There are several types of solution to manage ones weight. Recently with our modern technology American society has turn toward bypass surgery has there solution to obesity. Though statistically the percentage of successful procedures is dramatically high, there are many factor to consider to coming to the conclusion if surgery is in fact a cure. In the beginning many turned towards surgery as the last solution, but never the first choice nor was it consider a solutio n.The risk of failure is very slim now with increasing technology and better trained surgeons. Though its highly effective there are still draw backs. One many consider the procedure overall expensive with the cost ranging as little as 3,000 to 8,000 dollars, Also another drawback is the scars the procedure leaves, and many other issue but for the pros out way the con. Is there other ways to loose weight one may ask, or more affordable? The most popular cure for obesity though for some maybe not the most effective way to loose weight is dieting.Keeping track of you calories or your carb intake daily, also having in consideration the type of diet you are on determines the rate and difficulty of the diet. The society today would consider this method on of the hardest ways to loose wait because not only is it a constant struggle to watch everything you eat, it take a lot of mental control as well to resist the cravings that every human being has. Also one may also need to be knowledgea ble in the type of diet they are doing in order for it to be effective and correctly monitor there intake of food for there diet.Though this way may seem very effective and inexpensive it can be costly for some diets if you are buying diet food and shake and ext. The downfall to this method is the society intends to do very well at the beginning and then eventually slips and typically the end up gaining more weight in the end then what they had started it. One needs to have a lot of mental control for this method. The method most effective and inexpensive is exercise. Exercise has been the most effective method since the very beginning of time.Though exercise can also go hand in hand with all the other method especially dieting which actually is highly recommend to have the best result but is not a requirement. There are many reason why this method is ranked as the most popular and effective way to loose weight. As we recently learned about dieting how it can be extremely difficult mentally, as one may need self control. Exercise can offer things that other methods cant as far pleasure, and being enjoyable.As an example when the human body is engage in cardivascular workout, stating that heart rate reaches 120 beats per second the body releases endorphin into the body stream which many may call as a runners high. This is considered very pleasurable and also a very effective way to stay healthy. Are bodies are designed in a way that require a certain amount of exercise to remain health. This is one of the most efficient ways to reduce the risk of diseases as we mentioned earlier and is very inexpensive compared to surrey and dieting.Also it offers the least side effect or draw backs to cure obesity, Though as surgery may be permanent method for obesity on the other the hand is not exercise is not. One as to continue to exercise daily to maintain the proper BMI or it will can increase dramatically. Even though there are numerous activity and event one can choose to engage in to have the proper amount of exercise daily, the society today still fails to maintain the required amount of exercise to remain healthy which is our ultimate goal.Remaining healthy is overall is what the society strives for today to increase ones life but not only to increase ones life but also to increase the quality of life. Which leaves obesity being an obstacle for many to reach that goal. Though obesity is indeed a big problem it is not unsolvable, it has many solutions which is briefly reviewed in this essay. One only has to choose which may be the best cure for them to help them solve this problem of obesity. Obesity English 101 6:00 am Professor Cardenas-Adame November 9, 2012 The Cure for Obesity As an American society we all share a similar fear for obesity. Everyone can be succumbed by obesity and most are. The percentage is over 70% of America that are borderline line of being obese and 36 in the us that are obese. Also it’s a triadic to see that Americans are rated the highest in world for obesity. Many may ask why is obesity such a curse. Many say you may get looked down upon in today society or so forth.The only topic that will be address today is the health related reasoning of why obesity is such a threat to society. First we must address how to measure if we are one who is succumbed to this awful plague known as obesity. In the U. S we use the BMI which is an abbreviation for Body Mass Index. Which evaluates the body mass or fat context we have. If we have below 7% we extremely unhealthy or if we have over 20 % we are considered obese which can ultimately be fatal.Not immediatel y fatal but obesity is directly linked to many of the most fatal disease in the world today as diabetes, any many other that can cause heart failure. All due to the lack of exercise and over eating, also one major other key we may not always consider to be a factor of being obese is genetics. Genetics can play a huge factor on whether we are going to be fighting with obesity for the rest of our life’s. One may question if obesity is something that they will be fighting for the rest of our life or is there a cure?There are several types of solution to manage ones weight. Recently with our modern technology American society has turn toward bypass surgery has there solution to obesity. Though statistically the percentage of successful procedures is dramatically high, there are many factor to consider to coming to the conclusion if surgery is in fact a cure. In the beginning many turned towards surgery as the last solution, but never the first choice nor was it consider a solutio n.The risk of failure is very slim now with increasing technology and better trained surgeons. Though its highly effective there are still draw backs. One many consider the procedure overall expensive with the cost ranging as little as 3,000 to 8,000 dollars, Also another drawback is the scars the procedure leaves, and many other issue but for the pros out way the con. Is there other ways to loose weight one may ask, or more affordable? The most popular cure for obesity though for some maybe not the most effective way to loose weight is dieting.Keeping track of you calories or your carb intake daily, also having in consideration the type of diet you are on determines the rate and difficulty of the diet. The society today would consider this method on of the hardest ways to loose wait because not only is it a constant struggle to watch everything you eat, it take a lot of mental control as well to resist the cravings that every human being has. Also one may also need to be knowledgea ble in the type of diet they are doing in order for it to be effective and correctly monitor there intake of food for there diet.Though this way may seem very effective and inexpensive it can be costly for some diets if you are buying diet food and shake and ext. The downfall to this method is the society intends to do very well at the beginning and then eventually slips and typically the end up gaining more weight in the end then what they had started it. One needs to have a lot of mental control for this method. The method most effective and inexpensive is exercise. Exercise has been the most effective method since the very beginning of time.Though exercise can also go hand in hand with all the other method especially dieting which actually is highly recommend to have the best result but is not a requirement. There are many reason why this method is ranked as the most popular and effective way to loose weight. As we recently learned about dieting how it can be extremely difficult mentally, as one may need self control. Exercise can offer things that other methods cant as far pleasure, and being enjoyable.As an example when the human body is engage in cardivascular workout, stating that heart rate reaches 120 beats per second the body releases endorphin into the body stream which many may call as a runners high. This is considered very pleasurable and also a very effective way to stay healthy. Are bodies are designed in a way that require a certain amount of exercise to remain health. This is one of the most efficient ways to reduce the risk of diseases as we mentioned earlier and is very inexpensive compared to surrey and dieting.Also it offers the least side effect or draw backs to cure obesity, Though as surgery may be permanent method for obesity on the other the hand is not exercise is not. One as to continue to exercise daily to maintain the proper BMI or it will can increase dramatically. Even though there are numerous activity and event one can choose to engage in to have the proper amount of exercise daily, the society today still fails to maintain the required amount of exercise to remain healthy which is our ultimate goal.Remaining healthy is overall is what the society strives for today to increase ones life but not only to increase ones life but also to increase the quality of life. Which leaves obesity being an obstacle for many to reach that goal. Though obesity is indeed a big problem it is not unsolvable, it has many solutions which is briefly reviewed in this essay. One only has to choose which may be the best cure for them to help them solve this problem of obesity.